西沱变形体特征及稳定性评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

瓮纪昌 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(1):13-15

在阐述西沱变形体基本特征的基础上,研究分析变形体变形的主要影响因素——地质环境因素(地形地貌、地层岩性、物质结构)、外界影响因素(降水因素、洪水因素、人为因素、新构造及地震),以及变形体近期变形特征,通过剖面递推系数法计算,对变形体的稳定性进行了评价,为变形体优化整治措施提供依据。  相似文献   

A test method for analyzing the deformation of landslide model     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(3):100031

In order to study the overall deformation of geotechnical model conveniently, the worksite of landslide bridge foundation reinforced by the front and rear row anti-slide piles in Chenglan railway was taken as an example. On the basis of shaking tabe test of a 1/40 reduced scale model, the landslide deformation caused by vibration waves was monitored through burying self-made phosphor bronze strips in soil. Combined with the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the bending strain points on the phosphor bronze strips, the digital matrix was converted by applying Renka Cline random matrix generation method, and the two-dimensional contour plots were drawn based on it. The results showed that the two-dimensional contour plots reflected the basic law of landslide deformation reasonably, and it revealed the evolution process of landslide deformation and failure. The research conclusions were consistent with the test phenomenon, which met the basic requirements of overall deformation analysis of landslide model. This proposed method can monitor multiple cross sections and was practical for model test.  相似文献   

Analysis of GAMIT/GLOBK in high-precision GNSS data processing for crustal deformation     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(3):100028

The advances in satellite navigation and positioning technology and the worldwide establishment of continuous-tracking stations have greatly promoted the development and application of the high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GAMIT/GLOBK, as a popular high-precision GNSS data-processing software, has been widely used in monitoring crustal deformation, tsunami, iceberg, etc. Based on the basic observations and various geophysical models processed by GAMIT/GLOBK, we analyze the influence of the correction of applied geophysical models, and describe the techniques of parameter estimation and accuracy assessment. In addition, taking the present crustal movement in the Chinese mainland and the M_W7.8 earthquake in Nepal as examples, we discuss the applications of GAMIT/GLOBK in crustal deformation monitoring and its future prospect.  相似文献   

岩石的流变性质与断层模型   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

马胜利  马瑾 《地球物理学进展》1995,10(3):21-42

本文以断层带的为形机制为主题，简要总结了与此相关的岩石流变性质的研究结果，讨论了已有的几个断层带模型，并就进一步应开展的研究课题提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究   总被引：50，自引：17，他引：50  

张先康  赵金仁  张成科  任青芳  聂文英  成双喜  潘素珍  唐周琼 《地球物理学报》2002,45(5):665-671

1998年在帕米尔东北侧伽师及其周边地区完成了两条深地震宽角反射/折射剖面. 结果表明,西昆仑、塔里木和天山在地壳速度结构、构造特征上显示出较大差异. 塔里木块体具有稳定地块的地壳结构特征,地壳平均速度较高(6.5km/s). 向南进入西昆仑,地壳明显增厚,厚度可达0km左右,且地壳平均速度偏低(6.0-6.2km/s),偏低的地壳平均速度主要来源于相对低速度的下地壳结构,反映了西昆仑褶皱系下地壳介质的特征. 向北进入天山后,地壳同样明显增厚,但增厚的程度低于西昆仑下,约为50-55km. 天山地壳同样具有明显低的平均速度(6.2km/s),显示了天山地壳相对"软"的特征,但天山地壳偏低的平均速度来源于广泛分布于中地壳的低速度层和速度偏低的下地壳. 在印度块体向北强烈推挤的作用下,该区地壳遭受强烈的不均匀变形,塔里木块体向南插入西昆仑下,向北插入天山下,形成了该区强烈地震频繁发生的深部构造环境.  相似文献   

苏锡常地区地面沉降及其若干问题探讨   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

姜洪涛 《第四纪研究》2005,25(1):29-33

地面沉降是苏锡常地区当前面临的最大地质灾害问题。本区的地面沉降具有两个特点:一是在时空上与 地下水开采密切相关;二是其形成主要为含水砂层的压密和顶、底板粘性土层的固结。针对地面沉降的研究多从 其宏观力学特性、水土耦合和建模等方面着手,而对土体在沉降变形过程中的结构变化研究不多,因而对土体在沉 降变形过程中的可逆和不可逆、非线性变形、弱透水层变形等的机理,还存在许多模糊认识。对此文章提出了相关 建议,主要包括:1)应系统地研究苏锡常地区第四纪土体各土层的细观和微观结构,弄清地面沉降区土体结构的演 化规律及其与抽、灌地下水、土体物性指标等之间的关系,建立土体沉降类型与土体结构演化之间的关系;2)应对 第四纪土体中的弱透水层开展系统研究;3)应从土体结构的角度,深入研究土体在排水和回灌过程中的可逆和不 可逆变形。  相似文献   

湘鄂西中生代弧形叠加扩展的变形记录     

唐永  胡望水  朱美衡  宋换新  孟江辉  唐文军  王鹏万 《地质学报》2022,96(4):1197-1214

通过对湘鄂西构造带进行大量的构造形迹测量、解析,结合研究区内构造变形年龄数据的统计分析.明确燕山中期(J3—K1)早期弧形构造弧顶方向为330°,并向两侧发散状分布,以大别山、黔中、黄陵隆起为约束点,湘鄂西形成了由南东侧至北东侧构造迹线由NE→NEE→EW→NWW逐渐偏转的弧形构造,最大主应力方向偏转近114°.同时早...  相似文献   

文章已录用：阴山晚中生代板内造山特征及其动力机制-以内蒙古大青山为例     

杜菊民 《地质学报》2009,83(7):910-922

内蒙古大青山属我国典型的板内造山带阴山山脉的南部山系,其西段缺少大型低角度推覆构造及大型深成岩对前期演化历史的干扰,是研究阴山板内造山特点及过程的理想区域。通过对大青山西段的构造进行几何学和运动学的分析表明,古老结晶基底以逆冲推覆及基底褶皱的形式广泛的巻入中生代构造变形,以及先存构造样式的广泛复活并对后期地层沉积和断层发育的控制作用是内蒙古大青山地区中生代板内造山的两个基本特征。这些变形特征反映了阴山带板内造山过程中,是以结晶基底为受力层,并控制上覆盖层进行构造变形的,进而表明板内造山主要是由水平挤压应力造成的。结合研究区构造变形特点及邻区中生代构造地质情况的分析认为,晚侏罗世时期之所以在阴山带形成强烈的板内造山运动,是由其北部西伯利亚板块与蒙古褶皱带碰撞产生的板缘应力的远程传递,以及其南侧强硬的鄂尔多斯地块的阻挡共同作用而形成的。  相似文献   

The Ordovician Sierras Pampeanas–Puna basin connection: Basement thinning and basin formation in the Proto-Andean back-arc     

Steffen H. Büttner   《Tectonophysics》2009,477(3-4):278

The Ordovician Sierras Pampeanas, located in a continental back-arc position at the Proto-Andean margin of southwest Gondwana, experienced substantial mantle heat transfer during the Ordovician Famatina orogeny, converting Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian metasediments to migmatites and granites. The high-grade metamorphic basement underwent intense extensional shearing during the Early and Middle Ordovician. Contemporaneously, up to 7000 m marine sediments were deposited in extensional back-arc basins covering the pre-Ordovician basement. Extensional Ordovician tectonics were more effective in mid- and lower crustal migmatites than in higher levels of the crust. At a depth of about 13 km the separating boundary between low-strain solid upper and high-strain lower migmatitic crust evolved to an intra-crustal detachment. The detachment zone varies in thickness but does not exceed about 500 m. The formation of anatectic melt at the metamorphic peak, and the resulting drop in shear strength, initiated extensional tectonics which continued along localized ductile shear zones until the migmatitic crust cooled to amphibolite facies P–T conditions. P–T–d–t data in combination with field evidence suggest significant (ca. 52%) crustal thinning below the detachment corresponding to a thinning factor of 2.1. Ductile thinning of the upper crust is estimated to be less than that of the lower crust and might range between 25% and 44%, constituting total crustal thinning factors of 1.7–2.0. While the migmatites experienced retrograde decompression during the Ordovician, rocks along and above the detachment show isobaric cooling. This suggests that the magnitude of upper crustal extension controls the amount of space created for sediments deposited at the surface. Upper crustal extension and thinning is compensated by newly deposited sediments, maintaining constant pressure at detachment level. Thinning of the migmatitic lower crust is compensated by elevation of the crust–mantle boundary. The degree of mechanical coupling between migmatitic lower and solid upper crust across the detachment zone is the main factor controlling upper crustal extension, basin formation, and sediment thickness in the back-arc basin. The initiation of crustal extension in the back-arc, however, crucially depends on the presence of anatectic melt in the middle and lower crust. Consumption of melt and cooling of the lower crust correlate with decreasing deposition rates in the sedimentary basins and decreasing rates of crustal extension.  相似文献   

Conflicting structural and geochronological data from the Ibituruna quartz-syenite (SE Brazil): Effect of protracted “hot” orogeny and slow cooling rate?     

Sylvain Petitgirard  Alain Vauchez  Marcos Egydio-Silva  Olivier Bruguier  Pierre Camps  Patrick Moni  Marly Babinski  Mathieu Mondou 《Tectonophysics》2009,477(3-4):174

The Ibituruna quartz-syenite was emplaced as a sill in the Ribeira-Araçuaí Neoproterozoic belt (Southeastern Brazil) during the last stages of the Gondwana supercontinent amalgamation. We have measured the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) in samples from the Ibituruna sill to unravel its magnetic fabric that is regarded as a proxy for its magmatic fabric. A large magnetic anisotropy, dominantly due to magnetite, and a consistent magnetic fabric have been determined over the entire Ibituruna massif. The magmatic foliation and lineation are strikingly parallel to the solid-state mylonitic foliation and lineation measured in the country-rock. Altogether, these observations suggest that the Ibituruna sill was emplaced during the high temperature (~ 750 °C) regional deformation and was deformed before full solidification coherently with its country-rock. Unexpectedly, geochronological data suggest a rather different conclusion. LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP ages of zircons from the Ibituruna quartz-syenite are in the range 530–535 Ma and LA-ICP-MS ages of zircons and monazites from synkinematic leucocratic veins in the country-rocks suggest a crystallization at ~ 570–580 Ma, i.e., an HT deformation > 35My older than the emplacement of the Ibituruna quartz-syenite. Conclusions from the structural and the geochronological studies are therefore conflicting. A possible explanation arises from ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar thermochronology. We have dated amphiboles from the quartz-syenite, and amphiboles and biotites from the country-rock. Together with the ages of monazites and zircons in the country-rock, ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar mineral ages suggest a very low cooling rate: < 3 °C/My between 570 and ~ 500 Ma and ~ 5 °C/My between 500 and 460 Ma. Assuming a protracted regional deformation consistent over tens of My, under such stable thermal conditions the fabric and microstructure of deformed rocks may remain almost unchanged even if they underwent and recorded strain pulses separated by long periods of time. This may be a characteristic of slow cooling “hot orogens” that rocks deformed at significantly different periods during the orogeny, but under roughly unchanged temperature conditions, may display almost indiscernible microstructure and fabric.  相似文献